Acid reflux disease, also known as GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease), is a very common condition in South Asians. Acid reflux occurs when the acid in the stomach flows backward into the esophagus, or swallowing tube.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of acid reflux include:

• Heartburn (burning pain behind the breastbone)
• Sour taste in the back of the mouth
• Less common symptoms that may also be signs of acid reflux include:Non-burning chest pain
• Stomach pain (upper part of abdomen)
• Persistent sore throat or hoarseness
• Persistent cough
• New onset asthma or asthma only at night
• Nausea

The following alarm symptoms may indicate more serious disease, which warrants immediate medical attention:

• Difficulty swallowing
• Choking sensation
• Painful swallowing
• Vomiting
• Bleeding (vomiting blood or passing dark-colored stools)
• Unexpected weight loss
• Decreased appetite
• Chest pain

Common Causes

Many of the following major risk factors for acid reflux are typical of a South Asian lifestyle:

• Heavy late-night meals
• Spicy foods
• Fried foods and other foods rich in saturated fats
• Caffeine intake, especially late in the day (such as afternoon tea)
• Being overweight, especially around the stomach

Pregnancy also increases one's risk of experiencing acid reflux.

Treatment

The following lifestyle changes are important for managing acid reflux:

• Eat dinner earlier, at least three to four hours before going to bed
• Prepare lighter dinners, with less spice and less fat
• Eliminate caffeinated drinks, especially after 12:00 pm
• Eat smaller meals to avoid overfilling the stomach
• Restrict alcohol use
• Quit smoking
• Lose excess weight

In addition to the above items, there are over-the-counter acid blockers and other medications that can help. Discuss these options with your physician.

Last Reviewed: 2012