Get Active

Exercise is a proven way to reduce your risk of heart disease. “Regular physical activity will not only lower disease risk, it will make you feel better on a daily basis and increase your ability to actively take part in life,” Dr. Lin says.

The American Heart Association recommends getting at least 150 minutes a week of moderate exercise. That's about 30 minutes of active movement, five days out of the week.

But you don’t have to run marathons to get the heart benefits of exercise. Using a pedometer or fitness tracker can help motivate you to increase your daily exercise amount. A goal of 5,000 to 10,000 steps a day can provide consistent health gains, Dr. Lin says.

Dr. Lin emphasizes that this movement goal should extend through life. “At age 90, even 5,000 steps per day may be a stretch, but keep moving,” he says.

Don't Smoke

Smoking is a contributor to heart disease, as well as lung cancer, emphysema and a host of other dangerous conditions. Quit as soon as you can, recommends Dr. Lin.

Counseling and medication are both effective for treating tobacco dependence and using them together is more effective than using either one alone, according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Your doctor can connect you with resources that can help you quit smoking. 

What about vaping as a smoking alternative? 

“The jury is out on the impact of the various compounds in the vapor itself. Unfortunately, there is no consistency or regulation about what compounds are in the vaping liquid, and the longer-term impacts are unknown,” Dr. Lin says.

Treat Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea can contribute to increased heart disease risk, particularly for people with high blood pressure. If you snore, you may have sleep apnea — a condition in which you actually stop breathing for a short spell, then awaken with a start. Other symptoms that may be related to the disrupted sleep of sleep apnea, according to Dr. Lin:

• Being tired in the morning, even after a full night’s sleep.
• Falling asleep or in front of the TV, even if the program is lively.
• Noticing your eyelids feeling heavy in a meeting, while reading, or other sedentary activities.
• Feeling like you can’t stay asleep.

If you think you may have sleep apnea, discuss your symptoms with your doctor.

Maintain a Healthy Weight

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is the simplest way to gauge if you are at a healthy weight. A BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 is optimal. Between 25 and 29 is considered “overweight.” A BMI over 30 is classified as obese — the most dangerous weight category in relation to your health.

Also, notice where excess weight is stored in your body, Dr. Lin says: “The bigger you are in the middle, the higher the risk of heart disease.”

Losing just 3 to 5 percent of your weight has been shown to lower your heart disease risk. “I tell my patients not to think about dieting, but to focus on eating smaller food portions. Eat the food of a smaller person,” Dr. Lin says.

Overall, portion control (eating less) is important. But for heart disease prevention, the content of the diet matters, too, of course. So avoiding too much saturated fat in the diet, a proven heart attack risk, is also a good idea.

Know Your Cholesterol Levels

High levels of cholesterol in the body are associated with heart disease. Dr. Lin suggests that you have a cholesterol blood test (called a lipid panel) around age 35 for men, 45 for women. If you have a strong family history of heart attack or stroke you should have a lipid panel earlier.

After seeing your results, work with your doctor on a plan for lowering your cholesterol level, if needed, by making changes in your habits or perhaps with medication.