Some tumbles, bruises, cuts and scrapes are an inevitable part of childhood. You can care for many of these wounds at home — but sometimes you’ll need a doctor.

What's the best way to care for my child's cuts and scrapes?

For minor cuts or scrapes, rinse the area thoroughly under running water and use a mild soap to get any dirt off. Don’t scrub too hard, which can irritate the wound. Check the injury every day and watch for signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, pus or a fever.

If there’s bleeding, apply gentle, firm pressure with some clean gauze until the bleeding stops. If the wound doesn’t stop bleeding, seek medical attention.

Should I cover my child's wound?

To promote healing, it’s best to leave the wound uncovered once clean. If that feels uncomfortable, apply some antibiotic ointment and cover it with an adhesive bandage. Check the wound and change the covering daily. Once the wound is dry, stop using a bandage — unless it keeps your child from picking the scab.

When should I take my child to the doctor?

Although most cuts and scrapes will heal on their own, there are some situations where you should seek medical help. Call the doctor if:

• Your child’s wound is very dirty, very deep or difficult to clean properly.
• The cut is deep or the edges are separated, which means it may need stitches or glue. Infection risk increases after six to eight hours, so go to the doctor immediately.
• The deep cut or laceration is on your child’s face.
• Your child has a puncture wound (for example, has stepped on a nail). You’ll need to check that your child’s tetanus immunization status is current.

How should I care for bruises, strains and sprains?

Most bruises aren’t serious and can be soothed with cool compresses. If a bruise is very tender, abnormally large and makes it hard for your child to walk or move, get it checked by a doctor.

To ease the discomfort of minor strains, sprains or twists, use RICE (rest, ice, compression and elevation) and an over-the-counter pain medication such as ibuprofen (Advil) or acetaminophen (Tylenol).

How can I tell whether my child has broken a bone?

If your child has a fracture, you’ll see lots of swelling around the injured area and it’ll be very painful to touch. Also watch for an injury or pain that impairs your child’s movement, such as walking. Check with your child’s doctor; an X-ray might be necessary.

What's good to have on hand to take care of my child's minor injuries?

Clean, running water is your best friend for cleaning wounds and scrapes, but it’s always good to have a first aid kit at home and in the car. Stock it with:

• Bandages in various sizes.
• Gauze.
• Elastic bandage for compression and to stem bleeding.
• Iodine solution for deeper cleaning, if you have no access to water.
• Antibiotic ointment.
• Alcohol wipes.
• Over-the-counter pain medication such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen.
• Tweezers and scissors.
• Instant ice pack.